uRBAN STAGES presents:

by Chungmi Kim, directed by Frances W. Hill

OCTOBER 23 - NOVEMBER 28
Oct. 23 - 27 - Previews
Opening Night October 28
Tuesdays - Saturdays 8pm, Sat. & Sun. matinees at 3pm
Urban Stages Theatre, 259 West 30^th Street, betw. 7 & 8 Ave.

The Japanese Imperial Forces abducted thousands of young women during World War II to be used as sex slaves. Chungmi Kim's powerfully lyrical play depicts the collision of past and present when a young Korean NYU student and her grandmother meet two of these "comfort women" during the 1994 UN protests.

For Tickets ONLINE: or call (212) 868-4444
Group Sales (212) 421-1380
Previews $15 (Oct. 23 - 27); General Admission $35; Students $20, Seniors $25
Groups $30 (10-15), $25 (15 and above)
Opening Night, Oct. 28 - $70; Patrons' Night, Nov. 4 - $125 (cocktails, show, dinner)

Tina Chen & Haerry Kim, photo by Pavel Antonov 

Starring TINA CHEN
with Jade Wu, Jo Yang,
Haerry Kim , Ji-young Kim

Roman Tatarowicz, Set/Lighting Desing
Heesoo Kim, Costume Design
Jane Shaw, Sound Design
Song Hee Lee, Choreography
Mimi Craig, Production Stage Manager, Terry LeCompte, ASM
Stephanie Klapper & Associates, Casting
Brett Singer & Associates, Publicity
Sandy Graff, Pentacle, Graffic Design

Jo Yang & Jade Wu, photo by Pavel Antonov

Between 1937 and 1945, the Japanese Imperial Forces conscripted or abducted about 200,000 young women, some as young as 12, from Asian countries to serve as sex slaves, known euphemistically as “comfort women,” for more than 2 million Japanese troops and officers. The play COMFORT WOMEN (formerly HANAKO), written by the Korean-born playwright Chungmi Kim, tells the story of several of these women as they begin to acknowledge and speak out about their experience. Military brothels, or “comfort houses,” started appearing in 1931 after the Japanese invaded Manchuria. After 1937, these houses were rapidly established in countries that the Japanese invaded and occupied—from Manchuria to New Guinea. Chinese, Philippine, Indonesian, Dutch and other nationalities made up a small percentage (10-20%) of the comfort women. The rest, or 80-90%, of the women, mos

t of them teenagers, were Korean, forcibly taken from their homes and sent to brothels all over the Pacific arena. Japanese military doctors confirmed that most of the women examined were Korean civilians and were free of sexually transmitted diseases. In the brothels, the women suffered from disease and malnutrition; many died as a result. They also were summarily beaten, tortured, or killed if they resisted in any way.

After the war, the Japanese government destroyed all documents and references to the comfort houses. They claimed that commercial businessmen were responsible for the movement of these women to comfort houses. It is doubtful whether businessmen had the means to procure and transport thousands of Korean women without the knowledge and assistance of the government and/or military. Furthermore, the testimonies of the surviving comfort women after the war imply a widespread, organized campaign: “There was a Japanese agent. . .in our village and he told me of a place where I would be able to study and earn money at the same time.” Another survivor testified: “There was a female village leader who said that at the very least each house had to ‘donate’ a daughter to the war effort. I went in the stead of the daughter of the house where I was working as a maid.” Another typical testimony: “Our family was very poor and we were extremely hungry. One day, there was an announcement about employment in a Japanese factory. They would only employ women. I went to escape from hunger.” And: “Our school teacher enforced the idea of volunteering for our country. At the time, we did everything that our elders, teachers especially, told us to do. I did as my teacher told me, and after being taken on an inspection tour of a factory located in Tokoyama, was forced to a comfort house in the South Pacific Islands.”

When lies, coercion, and false promises failed, the women were kidnapped. One woman testified: “Coming back home from a friend’s house I passed by a police station. A policeman jumped out and took me to a comfort house.” Fearful of these kidnappings, many families married their daughters off (the Japanese generally did not take married women for this purpose). Because the healthy, able-bodied men were fighting in the war, the young girls generally were married to much older, physically disabled, or injured men.

At the end of the war, many of the comfort women were killed and some committed suicide. Those who survived suffered in silence, isolation, poverty, and shame, and their stories remained buried for decades. In 1991, the first survivor of the comfort houses broke the silence. Since then, others have come forward demanding justice and reparations from the Japanese government. There are at present only about a hundred survivors in South Korea. (essay by Kitty Chen)

ABOUT THE PLAYWRIGHT

Chungmi Kim, born in Korea, received an M.A. degree in theater arts from the University of California at Los Angeles. She has written and produced a number of television programs, including "Koreans in L.A.," and "Poets in Profile." She received Emmy nominations for her work as co- producer of "Korea," a 23-part news series, and "Korea: The New Power in the Pacific," a one-hour news documentary for KCBS-TV. Her full-length play Hanako (earlier version of Comfort Women) had a World Premiere at East West Players in Los Angeles in 1999.  Ms. Kim is the author of Chungmi--Selected Poems; her second book of poems, Glacier Lily, was recently published by Red Hen Press. Her poems and articles have appeared in many journals and anthologies.